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National Math Standards

NM-NUM: Understand numbers, ways of representing numbers, relationships among numbers, and number systems

• Understand the place-value structure of the base-ten number system and be able to represent and compare whole numbers and decimals
• Recognize equivalent representations for the same number and generate them by decomposing and composing numbers;
• Develop understanding of fractions as parts of unit wholes, as parts of a collection, as locations on number lines, and as divisions of whole numbers;
• Use models, benchmarks, and equivalent forms to judge the size of fractions;
• Recognize and generate equivalent forms of commonly used fractions, decimals, and percents;

NM-NUM: Understand meanings of operations and how they relate to one another

• Understand various meanings of multiplication and division
• Understand the effects of multiplying and dividing whole numbers;

NM-NUM: Compute fluently and make reasonable estimates

• Develop fluency with basic number combinations for multiplication and division and use these combinations to mentally compute related problems, such as 30 50;
• Develop fluency in adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing whole numbers;
• Develop and use strategies to estimate the results of whole-number computations and to judge the reasonableness of such results;
• Select appropriate methods and tools for computing with whole numbers from among mental computation, estimation, calculators, and paper and pencil according to the context and nature of the computation and use the selected method or tools.

NM—Data Analysis and Probability Standard: Formulate questions that can be addressed with data and collect, organize, and display relevant data to answer them

• Represent data using tables and graphs such as line plots, bar graphs, and line graphs;

NM-Data Analysis: Develop and evaluate inferences and predictions that are based on data

• Propose and justify conclusions and predictions that are based on data and design studies to further investigate the conclusions or predictions.

In Grades 3-5, all students should be expected to:

National Science Standards

NS: Science As Inquiry: As a result of activities in grades K-4, all students should develop an understanding of:

• Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry
• Understanding about scientific inquiry

NS: Earth and Space Science: As a result of activities in grades K-4, all students should develop an understanding of:

• Properties of earth materials
• Objects in the sky
• Changes in earth and sky

NS: Science and Technology: As a result of activities in grades K-4, all students should develop an understanding of:

• Abilities of technological design
• Understanding about science and technology
• Abilities to distinguish between natural objects and objects made by humans
NS: Science as a Human Endeavor: As a result of activities in grades K-4, all students should develop an understanding of:
• Many people choose science as a career and devote their entire lives to studying it. Many people derive great pleasure from doing science.

NS: Personal Health: As a result of activities in grades K-4, all students should develop an understanding of:

• Safety and security are basic needs of humans. Safety involves freedom from danger, risk, or injury
• Resources are things that we get from the living and nonliving environment to meet the needs and wants of a population

As a result of their activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop an understanding of

The principles of design for grades 5-8 do not change from grades K-4. But the complexity of the problems addressed and the extended ways the principles are applied do change.